2009年4月23日 星期四
唉~~
《赤道溫度》 赤道地帶最顯著的特徵之一就是終年高溫。赤道又是地球上獲得太陽能量最多的地帶,因此大家會認為赤道的所有地區都是非常酷熱的。印度洋中的馬爾代夫被稱作「太陽的寵兒」。那裏四季如夏,陽光燦爛,作物繁茂,年平均溫度在26℃—31℃之間。而我國北京最炎熱的七月,月平均溫度只有26℃左右。而世界上最熱的埃塞俄比亞的達洛地區,年平均溫度是34℃。赤道之國索馬里,由於乾燥少雨,終年高溫,索馬里北部的柏培拉年平均溫度達30℃,夏季月平均溫度高達36℃—37℃,其熱的程度,也就可想而知了。但是,如果單一地認為赤道地區的氣溫都是「酷熱」的,那麼就有些「簡化」了。形成和影響氣候的自然條件是複雜多變的,由於各種自然條件的相互影響、相互制約、各地之間的氣候往往相差甚大。加蓬共和國的首都利伯維爾,一年之內氣溫較高,但並不炎熱。一天之內除中午溫熱以外,早晚都很涼爽,晚上睡覺有時蓋上薄被,並不覺熱。瑙魯白天較熱,但早晚海風撲面,涼爽宜人,這都是由於海風的影響,這是熱帶海洋性氣候的特點。赤道之國肯雅的首都內羅畢雖然距離赤道很近,但由於處在海拔一千六百多米的高原上,不是熾熱如烤,而是終年溫和,天高氣爽,景色秀麗。每逢盛夏,就有許多非洲的官員、大亨到內羅畢避暑消夏,內羅畢成了有名的避暑勝地。內羅畢,在馬薩伊族的語言中,就是「涼爽之地」。赤道附近的山城基多,處在海拔2800米的高原上,一年中,最熱的月份與最冷的月份平均氣溫只差0.2℃(12.7℃—12.5℃),居住在這裏的人幾乎不知道春夏秋冬是怎麼一回事,但是,一天之中的氣溫卻相差很大,晝夜之間,就有四季之別。白天熱,中午有時達到25℃,但夜間溫度下降到10℃以下,有時竟降到0℃,人們還需要穿上棉大衣。因此,基多有些住宅裏建有壁爐,人們在夜晚一邊燒柴取暖,一邊津津有味地吃着熱帶水果,大有我國西北地方「早穿皮襖,午穿紗,守着火爐吃西瓜」的樂趣。這是赤道大陸氣候的特徵。更令人驚奇的是,在烈日如火的赤道地帶的高山頂上,照樣有雪蓋冰封的景象。海拔5199米的肯雅山,山上終年白雪皚皚,非洲第一高峰乞力馬劄羅山,海拔5895米,山頂被厚厚的冰雪覆蓋,這種奇特的景象是由氣溫垂直遞減規律、膨脹導致冷卻和冰雪反射造成的。按照垂直遞減規律在一般情況下,海拔每升高一百米,氣溫就下降1℃。另外,根據物理學實驗,地球上低層溫度升高,熱空氣就會上升,由於高空氣壓低,升高的空氣就會膨脹,結果膨脹導致冷卻,使氣溫隨着高度上升而下降。這樣,處在雪線以上的水汽就凝結為冰雪了。冰雪對太陽輻射的反射率很大,冰面是30%—60%,雪面是50%-95%。這樣,太陽的大部分熱量被反射回去,不被冰雪吸收,冰雪也就不易消融了。赤道冰雪,不失為熱帶一奇景。詞彙學習:顯著 陽光燦爛 繁茂
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Psalm 33
1REJOICE IN the Lord, O you [uncompromisingly] righteous [you upright in right standing with God]; for praise is becoming and appropriate for those who are upright [in heart].
2Give thanks to the Lord with the lyre; sing praises to Him with the harp of ten strings.
3Sing to Him a new song; play skillfully [on the strings] with a loud and joyful sound.
4For the word of the Lord is right; and all His work is done in faithfulness.
5He loves righteousness and justice; the earth is full of the loving-kindness of the Lord.
6By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, and all their host by the breath of His mouth.(A)
7He gathers the waters of the sea as in a bottle; He puts the deeps in storage places.
8Let all the earth fear the Lord [revere and worship Him]; let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of Him.
9For He spoke, and it was done; He commanded, and it stood fast.
10The Lord brings the counsel of the nations to nought; He makes the thoughts and plans of the peoples of no effect.
11The counsel of the Lord stands forever, the thoughts of His heart through all generations.
12Blessed (happy, fortunate, to be envied) is the nation whose God is the Lord, the people He has chosen as His heritage.
13The Lord looks from heaven, He beholds all the sons of men;
14From His dwelling place He looks [intently] upon all the inhabitants of the earth--
15He Who fashions the hearts of them all, Who considers all their doings.
16No king is saved by the great size and power of his army; a mighty man is not delivered by [his] much strength.
17A horse is devoid of value for victory; neither does he deliver any by his great power.
18Behold, the Lord's eye is upon those who fear Him [who revere and worship Him with awe], who wait for Him and hope in His mercy and loving-kindness,
19To deliver them from death and keep them alive in famine.
20Our inner selves wait [earnestly] for the Lord; He is our Help and our Shield.
21For in Him does our heart rejoice, because we have trusted (relied on and been confident) in His holy name.
22Let Your mercy and loving-kindness, O Lord, be upon us, in proportion to our waiting and hoping for You.
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